BACKPORT: FROMLIST: pwm: Add a software PWM which toggles a GPIO from a high-resolution timer

Add a software PWM which toggles a GPIO from a high-resolution timer.

This will naturally not be as accurate or as efficient as a hardware
PWM, but it is useful in some cases.  I have for example used it for
evaluating LED brightness handling (via leds-pwm) on a board where the
LED was just hooked up to a GPIO, and for a simple verification of the
timer frequency on another platform.

Since high-resolution timers are used, sleeping gpio chips are not
supported and are rejected in the probe function.

Change-Id: Idbd041a5ab40530886192a913a092643646896ad
Signed-off-by: Vincent Whitchurch <vincent.whitchurch@axis.com>
Co-developed-by: Stefan Wahren <wahrenst@gmx.net>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Wahren <wahrenst@gmx.net>
Signed-off-by: Damon Ding <damon.ding@rock-chips.com>
(cherry picked from https://patchwork.ozlabs.org/project/linux-gpio/patch/20240204220851.4783-3-wahrenst@gmx.net/)

drivers/pwm/Kconfig

@@ -205,6 +205,17 @@ config PWM_FSL_FTM
 	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
 	  will be called pwm-fsl-ftm.
 
+config PWM_GPIO
+	tristate "GPIO PWM support"
+	depends on GPIOLIB
+	depends on HIGH_RES_TIMERS
+	help
+	  Generic PWM framework driver for a software PWM toggling a GPIO pin
+	  from kernel high-resolution timers.
+
+	  To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the module
+	  will be called pwm-gpio.
+
 config PWM_HIBVT
 	tristate "HiSilicon BVT PWM support"
 	depends on ARCH_HISI || COMPILE_TEST

drivers/pwm/Makefile

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_PWM_CROS_EC)	+= pwm-cros-ec.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PWM_DWC)		+= pwm-dwc.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PWM_EP93XX)	+= pwm-ep93xx.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PWM_FSL_FTM)	+= pwm-fsl-ftm.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PWM_GPIO)		+= pwm-gpio.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PWM_HIBVT)		+= pwm-hibvt.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PWM_IMG)		+= pwm-img.o
 obj-$(CONFIG_PWM_IMX1)		+= pwm-imx1.o

drivers/pwm/pwm-gpio.c

@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Generic software PWM for modulating GPIOs
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Axis Communications AB
+ * Copyright (C) 2020 Nicola Di Lieto
+ * Copyright (C) 2024 Stefan Wahren
+ */
+
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/err.h>
+#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
+#include <linux/hrtimer.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/mod_devicetable.h>
+#include <linux/platform_device.h>
+#include <linux/pwm.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+
+struct pwm_gpio {
+	struct pwm_chip chip;
+	struct hrtimer gpio_timer;
+	struct gpio_desc *gpio;
+	struct pwm_state state;
+	struct pwm_state next_state;
+
+	/* Protect internal state between pwm_ops and hrtimer */
+	spinlock_t lock;
+
+	bool changing;
+	bool running;
+	bool level;
+};
+
+static unsigned long pwm_gpio_toggle(struct pwm_gpio *gpwm, bool level)
+{
+	const struct pwm_state *state = &gpwm->state;
+	bool invert = state->polarity == PWM_POLARITY_INVERSED;
+
+	gpwm->level = level;
+	gpiod_set_value(gpwm->gpio, gpwm->level ^ invert);
+
+	if (!state->duty_cycle || state->duty_cycle == state->period) {
+		gpwm->running = false;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	gpwm->running = true;
+	return level ? state->duty_cycle : state->period - state->duty_cycle;
+}
+
+static enum hrtimer_restart pwm_gpio_timer(struct hrtimer *gpio_timer)
+{
+	struct pwm_gpio *gpwm = container_of(gpio_timer, struct pwm_gpio,
+					     gpio_timer);
+	unsigned long next_toggle;
+	unsigned long flags;
+	bool new_level;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&gpwm->lock, flags);
+
+	/* Apply new state at end of current period */
+	if (!gpwm->level && gpwm->changing) {
+		gpwm->changing = false;
+		gpwm->state = gpwm->next_state;
+		new_level = !!gpwm->state.duty_cycle;
+	} else {
+		new_level = !gpwm->level;
+	}
+
+	next_toggle = pwm_gpio_toggle(gpwm, new_level);
+	if (next_toggle) {
+		hrtimer_forward(gpio_timer, hrtimer_get_expires(gpio_timer),
+				ns_to_ktime(next_toggle));
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpwm->lock, flags);
+
+	return next_toggle ? HRTIMER_RESTART : HRTIMER_NORESTART;
+}
+
+static int pwm_gpio_apply(struct pwm_chip *chip, struct pwm_device *pwm,
+			  const struct pwm_state *state)
+{
+	struct pwm_gpio *gpwm = container_of(chip, struct pwm_gpio, chip);
+	bool invert = state->polarity == PWM_POLARITY_INVERSED;
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	if (state->duty_cycle && state->duty_cycle < hrtimer_resolution)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (state->duty_cycle != state->period &&
+	    (state->period - state->duty_cycle < hrtimer_resolution))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!state->enabled) {
+		hrtimer_cancel(&gpwm->gpio_timer);
+	} else if (!gpwm->running) {
+		/*
+		 * This just enables the output, but pwm_gpio_toggle()
+		 * really starts the duty cycle.
+		 */
+		int ret = gpiod_direction_output(gpwm->gpio, invert);
+
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&gpwm->lock, flags);
+
+	if (!state->enabled) {
+		gpwm->state = *state;
+		gpwm->running = false;
+		gpwm->changing = false;
+
+		gpiod_set_value(gpwm->gpio, invert);
+	} else if (gpwm->running) {
+		gpwm->next_state = *state;
+		gpwm->changing = true;
+	} else {
+		unsigned long next_toggle;
+
+		gpwm->state = *state;
+		gpwm->changing = false;
+
+		next_toggle = pwm_gpio_toggle(gpwm, !!state->duty_cycle);
+		if (next_toggle) {
+			hrtimer_start(&gpwm->gpio_timer, next_toggle,
+				      HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
+		}
+	}
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpwm->lock, flags);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int pwm_gpio_get_state(struct pwm_chip *chip, struct pwm_device *pwm,
+			       struct pwm_state *state)
+{
+	struct pwm_gpio *gpwm = container_of(chip, struct pwm_gpio, chip);
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&gpwm->lock, flags);
+
+	if (gpwm->changing)
+		*state = gpwm->next_state;
+	else
+		*state = gpwm->state;
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpwm->lock, flags);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct pwm_ops pwm_gpio_ops = {
+	.apply = pwm_gpio_apply,
+	.get_state = pwm_gpio_get_state,
+};
+
+static int pwm_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+	struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
+	struct pwm_gpio *gpwm;
+	int ret;
+
+	gpwm = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*gpwm), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!gpwm)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	spin_lock_init(&gpwm->lock);
+
+	gpwm->gpio = devm_gpiod_get(dev, NULL, GPIOD_ASIS);
+	if (IS_ERR(gpwm->gpio)) {
+		return dev_err_probe(dev, PTR_ERR(gpwm->gpio),
+				     "could not get gpio\n");
+	}
+
+	if (gpiod_cansleep(gpwm->gpio)) {
+		return dev_err_probe(dev, -EINVAL,
+				     "sleeping GPIO %d not supported\n",
+				     desc_to_gpio(gpwm->gpio));
+	}
+
+	gpwm->chip.dev = dev;
+	gpwm->chip.ops = &pwm_gpio_ops;
+	gpwm->chip.npwm = 1;
+
+	hrtimer_init(&gpwm->gpio_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC, HRTIMER_MODE_REL);
+	gpwm->gpio_timer.function = pwm_gpio_timer;
+
+	ret = pwmchip_add(&gpwm->chip);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return dev_err_probe(dev, ret, "could not add pwmchip\n");
+
+	platform_set_drvdata(pdev, gpwm);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void pwm_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
+{
+	struct pwm_gpio *gpwm = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
+
+	pwmchip_remove(&gpwm->chip);
+	hrtimer_cancel(&gpwm->gpio_timer);
+}
+
+static const struct of_device_id pwm_gpio_dt_ids[] = {
+	{ .compatible = "pwm-gpio" },
+	{ /* sentinel */ }
+};
+MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, pwm_gpio_dt_ids);
+
+static struct platform_driver pwm_gpio_driver = {
+	.driver = {
+		.name = "pwm-gpio",
+		.of_match_table = pwm_gpio_dt_ids,
+	},
+	.probe = pwm_gpio_probe,
+	.remove_new = pwm_gpio_remove,
+};
+module_platform_driver(pwm_gpio_driver);
+
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("PWM GPIO driver");
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Vincent Whitchurch");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");